Pumping-engine



PATBNTED JAN 5, 1904. G. DE LAVAL 8: G. P. ABORN.

PUMPING ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED mm 12, 1902.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

"H0 MODEL.

PATENTED JAN. 5, 1904.

G- DE LAVAL & G. P. ABORN.

PUMPING ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1902. no MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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No. 748,758. PATENTED JAN. 5, 1904. G. DE LAVAL & G. P. ABORN.

PUMPING ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 12. 1902.

4 SHEBTSSHBET 3.

N0 MODEL.

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P. R 0 B P N & L A V A L E D N PUMPING ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1902 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4 N0 MODEL.

,UNITED STATES GEORGE DE LAVAL, OF CAMBRIDGE,

Patented January 5, 1904.

AND GEORGE P. ABORN, or BOSTON,

MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNORS TO INTERNATIONAL STEAM PUMP GOM- PANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

PUMPiNG-ENGlNE.

SPEGIFICATIONibrming part of Letters Tatent No. 748,? 58, dated January 5, 1904.

Application filed July 12, 1902.

To all whom, it incl/y concern:

Be it known that We, GEORGE on LAVAL, of Oambridge,county of Middlesex,and GEORGE P. ABORN, of Boston, in the county of Suf 5 folk, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements .in Pumping-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to devices for controlling the distribution of the motor fluid to the cylinder of an engine, and more especially to the cylinder of a direct-acting pumping-engine.

One important feature ofour invention resides'in the use of a piston-valve, in connection with main admission and exhaust ports, so arranged that the motor-piston closes said ports before it reaches the end of its stroke, and also in connection with starting-ports for supplying motor fluid to gradually start the piston and advance it until the main port is uncovered. 'This construction and arrangement enables the use of motor fluid at high pressures without producing wear upon the valve or requiring oil thereon, and at the same time insures an efiicient cushioning of the motor-piston at the end of its stroke and a gradual initial movement at the beginning of the stroke. This feature of theinveution,

. 3c as well as the further features which will be referred to in the claims, will be made clear by a detailed description of a construction embodying all the features of invention and such description will now be given in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which 7 Figure 1 is a side elevation of the steam end of a vertical direct-acting pump embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is afront elevation of the same, partly in section. Fig. 3 is a sectional diagram showing the arrangement of the ports and valves and also showing an arrangement which might be used in a horizontal engine. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are horizontal sectional views through the steam-cylinder and'steam-chest, showing the arrangement of the chambers and ports for the passage of the steam. Figs. 7 to 10 are details showing the operation of the controlling-valve ports.

Serial No. 116,301. (No model.)

In the drawings, A indicates the steam-cylinder of a vertical direct-acting pumping-engine. The motor-piston which reciprocates in cylinder A is connected to the upper end of the piston-rod B, to which is connected 2. beam or lever O, as is common in this class of engines. 7

Steam is supplied to the engine through an induction-pipe D, which connects with the steam-chamber E of the steam-chest, and the steam is exhausted through an exhaust-port F, opening out of the exhaust-chamber G of the steam-chest. The admission of the steam to and the exhaust of the steam from the cylinder A are controlled by a piston-valve H, mounted in v a cylindrical valve-casing H, formed in thesteam chest. The valve-casing communicates with the steam-chamber E through two branches E, extending down from opposite ends of the chamber, and also communicates with a part G of the exhaustchamber, which extends up into the valvecasing between the branches of the steamchamber. Themain ports I I for the ad mis sion and exhaust of steam to and from the opposite ends of the cylinder lead from the valve-casing on opposite sides of the exhaust passage or part G of the exhaust-chamber G and enter the steam-cylinder at some distance from the ends, the port I extending from the valve-casing toward the upper end of thecylinder, and the port I extending from the valve-casing toward the lower end of the cylinder. The valve H is provided with piston-rings h h J J ,fitting thecylind rical casing and forming annular spaces in the valve between the rings, so that the pressure on therings is balanced. The space between the rings h h communicates with the exhaust-passage G, and the spaces between the rings h and J and between h J communic'ate with the supply-passages E.

When the valve H is in the position shown in Fig. 2, the communication between port I and the steam-chamber is open, the ring it closing the communication between this port and the exhaust-chamber, while the port I is open to the exhaust-chamber, the ring 72/ closing the communication between this port and the steam-chamber. The valve H is therefore in the position for allowing steam to pass to the cylinder above the motor-piston to force it downward and for allowing the steam below the motor-piston to pass away through the exhaust-chamber. When the motor-piston reaches the end of its downstroke, the piston-valve H is moved to the right to shift rings h and h to the opposite sides of the ports I and I, thus shutting oif port I from the exhaust-chamber and opening it to the steam-chamber and also opening portI to the exhaust-chamber and shutting it off from the steam-chamber. In this position, therefore, the valve allows steam to pass to the cylinder below the motor-piston to force it upward and allows the steam above the piston to pass into the exhaust-chamber.

Since the ports I and I enter the cylinder some distance from the ends, the motor-piston will cover said ports before it reaches the limit of its movement, thereby cutting oflj' the exhaust from that end of the cylinder, so that the confined steam remaining will act to cushion the piston. After the piston has passed a main port and closed said port it is necessary to move the piston in the opposite direction sufficiently to uncover said port before steam can enter the cylinder through that main port. In other words, it is necessary after each stroke to start the piston in the opposite direction and advance it until the main port is uncovered before steam will be supplied through the main port. For the purpose of thus. advancing the piston and also giving it a'gradual initial movement starting-ports t" and 1} are provided, which lead from the valve-casing to the ends of the cylinder A. The port 2' leads from the top of the cylinder to the valve-casing and communicates with the steamchamber through the branch E of the steam-chamber, which communicates with the main port I for the lower end of the cylinder, while the port 4 leads from the bottom of the steam-cylinder to the valve-casing and communicates with the branch E of the steam-chamber, which communicates with main port I for the upper end of the cylinder. The ports 2 and z" are opened and closed by the pistons J and J on the ends of the valve H, the packing-rings of the pistons also forming the valve-rings for the starting-ports. With this arrangement of ports and valve-rings the movement of the piston-valve H, which opens a main port to the steam-chamber, also opens the corresponding starting-port to the steam-chamher, while the movement of valve H, which opens a main port to the exhaust-chamber, closes the-corresponding starting-port.

In order to shift the piston-valve H quickly and surely at each end of the stroke of the motor-piston by the use of connections with the piston, which are light in'construction and require little movement in causing the operation of the piston-valve,the piston-valve is operated by steam acting upon the pistons J J at the ends of the valve and controlled by a controlling or auxiliary valve K, mounted in valve-chambers formed in the steam-chest at opposite ends of the steam-chamber E and arranged so that valve K is parallel to the piston-valve H. The pistons J J work in steam-chambers L L, formed at the ends of the piston-valve casing by closing said ends with heads M M, secured to the ends of the steam-chest. Admission-ports Z Z and exhast-portsmm lead from the steam-chambers L L to the auxiliary-valve chambers at ends of the steam-chamber E. The admission of steam through the steam-portst'i is controlled by ports Zak, formed in the valve K and having their inner ends in constant communication with the steam-chamber E. The exhaust of steam through ports mm is controlled by ports n 71, formed in the valve K and arranged to connect the ports m m with ports 0 0, which leads from the auxiliary-valve chambers to the branch G of the exhaust chamber. The ports m and o and the ports m 0 are arranged side by side, and the ports n n are circumferential grooves in the surface of valve K, as shown in Figs. 7 to 10. In Fig. 3, however, for the sake of clearness we have shown the ports-arranged longitudinally of the valve K and valve-chambers.

By arranging the valves as shown, with the controlling-valve K parallel to the pistonvalve H, we are enabled to employ short direct ports Z Z and m m, with a resulting simplicity in the construction and also a more efiective cushioning of the piston-valve due to the comparatively small space in the portsZ Z within which the confined steam is compressed in efiecting the cushioning. This arrangement of valves also contributes to a compact construction and arrangement of ports and chambers which enables the steam-chest and valve casings and chambers to be cast integral with the steam-cylinder, with a resulting economy in the cost of manufacture.

The valve K is rocked to control the move-' ments of the piston-valve H by means of an -pets 1010 adjustably secured on a rod 10 the upper end of which is connected with an arm 19 secured to the end of shaft K, connected with'the valve K. Y

As the motor-piston reaches the end of its upward stroke the arm Pstrikes the tappetp', moving the valveKinto the position shown in the drawings. This'brings portlc into comm unication with port Z, closes ports Z and m, and connects ports m and 0. Steam is therefore admitted to chamber L and quickly throws the piston-valve H into the position shown,the steam in chamber L passing out through exhaust-port m until this port is closed by the iston J when the steam remaining in the P chamber L and port Z acts as a cushion for cushioning the piston-valve. When the piston-valve is thus thrown from right to left, the motor-piston B isin the relation shown in Fig. 3, where it covers the main port I. The movement of thepiston-valve, however, has opened the starting-port 11 to the steam-chamber, so that a, limited supply of steam is admitted behind the piston through this port to start, the piston forward. The piston will start gradually, since the full supply of steam will not be admitted until the piston has been advancedbeyond the main port I. As the piston B nears the end of its strokeitwill cover the port I, thus cutting 03 the exhaust, so that the piston will", be effectively cushioned by steam confined in the end of the cylinder and port 2'. As the piston reaches the end of its stroke the arm P will strike tappet p rocking valve is, so that port k will connect port '5 with the steam-ch am ber, ports Z and 'm' will be closed, and port m will be connected with port o.- Steam will now enter chamber L and throw piston-valve H to the right, the

steam in chamberLexhausting through port on until the piston J closes said port. This movement of the piston-valve H opens ports I and 't" to the steam-chamberand closes port iand opens port I to the exhaust-chamber,

so that the piston B is gradually started on its return stroke and advanced by steam admitted through starting-port '5. When the main port I is passed, the full supply of steam is admitted and completes the stroke of the piston, the piston being cushioned after it passes port I.

, What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a direct-acting pumping-engine, the combination with a cylinder and a motor-piston therein, of a cylindrical valve-casing, exhaust and supply passages .openinginto said valve-casing, a piston-valve having pistonrings fitting said casing and forming annular spaces between the rings com municating with the supply and exhaust passages respectively, main ports arranged to be alternately brought into communication with the supply and exhaust passages by the piston-rings as the valve reciprocates, and starting-ports arranged to be alternately brought into and cut off from communication with the supply-passages by the piston -rings as the valve reciprocates, substantially as described.

2. In a direct-acting pumping-engine, the combination with a cylinder and a motor-piston therein, of a cylindrical valve-casing, exhaust and supply passages opening into said valve-casing, a piston-valve having pistonrings fitting said casing and forming annular spaces between the rings communicating with the supply and exhaust passages respectively, main ports arranged to be alternately brought into communication with the supply and exhaust passages by the piston-rings as the valve reciprocates, starting-ports arranged to be alternately brought into and out oif from communication with the supply-passages by the piston-rings as the valve reciprocates, and an auxiliary valve operated from the motor-piston for distributing the motor fluidto reciprocate the piston-valve, substantially as described.

3. In a direct-acting pumping-engine, the combination with a cylinder and a motor-piston therein, of a eylindricalvalvecasing, exhaust and supply passages opening into said valve-casing, a piston-valve having pistonrings fitting said casing and forming annular spaces between the rings com mnnicating with the supply and exhaust passages respectively, main ports arranged to be alternately brought into communication with the supply and exhaust passages by the piston-rings as the valve reciprocates, startingports arranged to be alternately brought into and out 0E from communication with the supply-passages by the piston-rings as the valve reciprocates, and an auxiliary valve parallel to the piston-valve for distributing the motor fluid to reciprocate said piston-valve, substantially as described.

4; In a direct-acting pumping-engine, the combination with a cylinder and a motor-piston therein, of a cylindrical valve-casing, ex-

1 haust and supply passages opening into said valve-casing, a piston-valve having pistonrings fitting said casing and formingannular spaces between the rings comm unicating with the supply and exhaust passages respectively, main ports arranged to bealternatelybrought into communication with the supply and exhaust passages by the piston-rings as the valve reciprocates, starting-ports arranged to be alternately brought into and cut oif from communication with the supply-passages by the piston-rings as the valve reciprocates, an oscillating auxiliary valve for distributing the motor fluid to reciprocate said piston valve, and connections between said oscillating valve and the motor-piston,- substantially as described.

5. In a direct-acting pumping-engine, the combination with a cylinder and a motor-piston therein, of a cylindrical valve-casing, exhaust. and supply passages opening into said valve-casing, a piston valve having pistonrings fitting said casing and forming annular spaces between the rings communicating with the supply and exhaust passages respectively, main ports arranged to be alternately brought into communication with the supply and exhau st passages by the piston-ri ngs as the valve reciprocates, starting-ports arranged to be alternately brought into and cutoif from communication with the supply-passages by the piston-rings as the valve reciprocates, and means for controlling the shifting of the piston-valve as the motor-piston reaches the end of its stroke, substantially as described.

6. In a direct-acting pumping-engine, the combination with acylinder, and a motor-piston therein, of a piston-valve, a valve-casing therefor, main ports leading from said valvecasing to the cylinder, supply and exhaust passages for the motor fluid leading from said valve-casing on opposite sides of said main ports, starting-ports leading from said ICO valve-casing to the cylinder and rings on said piston-valve for opening and closing communication between said main ports and supply and exhaust passages and for opening and closing said starting-ports to the supplypassages, substantially as described.

7. In a direct-acting pumping-engine, the combination with a cylinder, and a motor-piston therein, of a piston-valve, a valve-casing therefor, main ports leading from said casing to the cylinder, an exhaust-passage leading from said casing between said ports, supplypassages leading to said casing outside of said ports, starting-ports leading to the cylinder from said casing outside of said supply-passages, and rings on said piston-valve for opening and closing communication between said main ports and the supply and exhaust passages, and for opening and closing said starting-ports to the supply-passages, substantially as described.

8. In a direct-acting pumping-engine the combination with a cylinder, and a motor-piston therein, of a chest provided with a supply-chamber E having branches E, and an exhaust-chamber G havinga branch G, ports I, 1 between said branches, a piston-valve having rings h, h and J, J, starting-ports i, 'L, chambers L, L outside the rings J, J, ports I, Z m, m and o, 0', an auxiliary valve K having ports is, k and n, 'n, and means for rocking the valve K as the motor-piston reaches the end of its stroke, substantially as described.

9. In a direct-acting pumping-engine the combination with a cylinder, and a motorpiston therein, of main supply and exhaust ports, starting-ports, a piston-valve having rings for controlling the distribution of the motor fluid through the main ports and the admission of the motor fluid to the startingports, chambers at the ends of the pistonvalve, auxiliary-valve chambers parallel with said chambers, ports leading directly from theauxiliary-valve chambers to the pistonvalve chambers, and an auxiliary valve in said auxiliary-valve chambers for controlling v the distribution of the motor fluid to the piston-valve chambers, substantially. as described.

10. Ina direct-acting pumping-engine, the combination with a cylinder, and a motorpiston therein, of main ports leading to the cylinder, supply and exhaust passages on opposite sides of said ports, a piston-valve having rings for opening and closing communication between said main ports and supply and exhaust passages, starting-ports leading to said cylinder, and rings on said pistonvalve for opening and closing said startingports to said supply-passages, substantially as described.

11. In a direct-acting pumping-engine, the combination with a cylinder, and a motorpiston therein, of main ports leading to the cylinder, supply and exhaust passages on opposite sides of said ports, a piston-valve having rings for opening and closing communication between said ports and the supply and exhaust passages, starting-ports leading to said cylinder, piston rings on said pistonvalve for opening and closing said startingports to the supply-passages, chambers in which said piston-rings work, and a valve for controlling the'supply and exhaust of motor fluid to said chambers to operate said pistonvalve, substantially as described.

12. In a direct-acting pumping-engine, the combination with a cylinder, and a motorpiston therein, of main ports I 1 leading to the cylinder, supply and exhaust passages on opposite sides of said ports, a piston-valve H- having rings h, h so arranged that the ring h opens the communication between the supply-passage and port I and closes communication between the exh'aust-passage and port I when the ring 71. opens communication between the exhaust-passage and port I and closes communication between the supplypassage and port I, starting-ports i, 11 arranged outside port I and I respectively and leading to the opposite ends of the cylinder, and rings J on the piston-valve arranged to open and close communication between said starting-ports and the supply-passages, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we have affixed our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE DE LAVAL. GEORGE P. ABORN.

Witnesses:

JULIUS MEYERS, JOHN J. FINLEY. 

